Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)मनोग्रस्ति-बाध्यता विकार (ओसीडी)
300.3 · F42 CTEVT PSC curriculumसीटीईभीटी पाठ्यक्रमUnwanted intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and the rituals performed to neutralise them (compulsions).
नचाहेका घुसपैठ विचार (अब्सेसन) र तिनलाई शान्त पार्न गरिने अनुष्ठान (कम्पल्सन)।
- Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
- Obsessions: recurrent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts, urges, or images causing anxiety; the person tries to ignore, suppress, or neutralise them with another thought or action.
- Compulsions: repetitive behaviours (washing, checking, ordering) or mental acts (counting, praying, repeating words) performed in response to an obsession or rigid rules, aimed at reducing distress or preventing a dreaded event — but not realistically connected to it, or clearly excessive.
- Time-consuming (more than 1 hour/day) or causing clinically significant distress or impairment.
- Not attributable to a substance or medical condition.
- Not better explained by another disorder (GAD worry, BDD appearance-preoccupation, hoarding, eating-disorder food rituals…).
- अब्सेसन, कम्पल्सन, वा दुवैको उपस्थिति।
- अब्सेसन: बारम्बार आइरहने, घुसपैठ गर्ने, नचाहेका विचार, आवेग वा दृश्य — जसले चिन्ता जगाउँछ; व्यक्ति तिनलाई दबाउन वा अर्को विचार/कामले निष्क्रिय पार्न खोज्छ।
- कम्पल्सन: अब्सेसनकै जवाफमा वा कडा नियमअनुसार गरिने दोहोरिने व्यवहार (धुने, जाँच्ने, मिलाउने) वा मानसिक कार्य (गन्ने, जप्ने) — पीडा घटाउन वा डरलाग्दो घटना रोक्न; तर वास्तविक सम्बन्ध छैन वा स्पष्ट अत्यधिक छ।
- समय खाने (दिनमा १ घण्टाभन्दा बढी) वा उल्लेखनीय पीडा/कार्य-बाधा।
- लागुपदार्थ वा शारीरिक रोगका कारण होइन।
- अर्को विकारले राम्रोसँग व्याख्या हुँदैन।
Specifiers: insight (good/fair · poor · absent-delusional) and tic-related. Common themes: contamination, doubt/harm, symmetry, forbidden (religious/sexual) thoughts.
विशेष: अन्तर्दृष्टि (राम्रो · कमजोर · शून्य-भ्रमजन्य) र टिक-सम्बन्धित। सामान्य विषय: फोहोर/संक्रमण, शङ्का/हानि, सन्तुलन-क्रम, निषिद्ध (धार्मिक/यौन) विचार।
Lifetime prevalence ~1–2% worldwide with a remarkably similar picture across countries; content follows culture — religious scrupulosity dominates in devout communities (fear of blasphemy in one faith, ritual-purity doubts in another), contamination in germ-aware urban settings.
विश्वभर जीवनकाल व्यापकता ~१–२%, देशैपिच्छे उस्तै चित्र; विषयवस्तु भने संस्कृतिअनुसार — धार्मिक समुदायमा धर्म-सम्बन्धी शुद्धताको डर, सहरी परिवेशमा किटाणु-संक्रमणको डर।
Culture supplies ready-made ritual channels: chokho/jutho (pure/polluted) rules, bathing after contact, puja repetition. The diagnostic line is function, not content — ritual purity observed like one's community is culture; washing until the skin breaks, or repeating puja for hours out of dread, is disorder. No national prevalence figure exists. Families often reach a dhami-jhankri first; engage respectfully rather than dismissing.
संस्कृतिले तयार अनुष्ठान-मार्ग दिन्छ: चोखो/जुठो नियम, छोएपछि नुहाउने, पूजा दोहोर्याउने। निदानको रेखा विषयवस्तु होइन, कार्य हो — समुदायकै जस्तो शुद्धता पालन संस्कृति हो; छाला फुट्ने गरी धुनु, वा त्रासले घण्टौं पूजा दोहोर्याउनु विकार हो। राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क छैन। परिवार पहिले धामी-झाँक्रीकहाँ पुग्छ — अपमान नगरी सम्मानपूर्वक संलग्न हुनुहोस्।